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Your Health

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are complex psychiatric conditions arising from a variety of factors, including psychological, interpersonal, biological and environmental causes. They generally manifest in eating habits, weight management practices and attitudes about weight and body shape that significantly interfere with work, school, family and social activities. Problems commonly associated with eating disorders include depression, anxiety, social isolation, shame and health issues.

There are various types and intensities of eating disorders; however, two disorders are of particular concern, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Major defining characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa are:

An intense and irrational fear of gaining weight;
Misperception of body weight and
Defiant refusal to maintain a healthy weight.

Major defining characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa are:

Repeated episodes of binging and purging;
Recurrent, inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative and diuretic misuse, fasting or excessive exercise; and
Self-esteem unduly influenced by weight and body shape.

If you are experiencing any of the following warning signs, please see your Primary Care Physician (PCP) for a professional evaluation. Similarly, if you suspect that a family member or friend could be at risk for an eating disorder, urge them to see a physician.

A marked increase or decrease in weight, not related to a medical condition;
The development of abnormal eating habits, such as severe dieting, preference for unusual foods, withdrawn or ritualized behavior at mealtime or secretive binging;
An intense pre-occupation with body weight and image;
Compulsive or excessive exercising;
Self-induced vomiting, periods of fasting, or laxative, diet pill or diuretic abuse;
Feelings of isolation, depression or irritability.

Unfortunately, symptoms inevitably worsen and may become life-threatening if not addressed by professional clinicians. Treatment options may include medication, individual/group/family psychotherapy, nutrition education, monitoring of potential medical complications and support groups. The good news is that eating disorders are treatable. See your PCP if you think you may have an eating disorder.

References:
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Internet site: http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org.
National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders Internet site: http://www.anad.org.